فلش‌کارت‌های آموزشی زبان تخصصی گوش، حلق و بینی: اصطلاحات، بیماری‌ها و جراحی‌های ENT به انگلیسی

🎓 دوره آموزشی جامع

📚 اطلاعات دوره

عنوان دوره: دوره زبان تخصصی گوش، حلق و بینی: اصطلاحات، بیماری‌ها و جراحی‌های ENT به انگلیسی

موضوع کلی: آموزش زبان‌های خارجی

موضوع میانی: زبان در حوزه پزشکی

📋 سرفصل‌های دوره

• 1. Introduction to Medical English for ENT Professionals
• 2. Overview of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Specialties
• 3. Essential Medical Terminology: Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes in ENT
• 4. Common Abbreviations and Acronyms in ENT Practice
• 5. Patient History Taking: Key Questions and Phrases in ENT
• 6. General Anatomical Orientation: Planes, Directions, Regions of Head & Neck
• 7. Introduction to Basic Cell and Tissue Biology for ENT
• 8. Diagnostic Imaging Modalities in ENT: An Overview
• 9. Pharmacology Fundamentals Relevant to ENT Disorders
• 10. Principles of Aseptic Technique and Infection Control in ENT
• 11. Anatomy of the External Ear and Auditory Canal
• 12. Physiology of Sound Conduction through the External Ear
• 13. Anatomy of the Middle Ear: Tympanic Membrane, Ossicles
• 14. Physiology of Sound Transmission by the Middle Ear Ossicles
• 15. Anatomy of the Inner Ear: Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular Canals
• 16. Physiology of Hearing: Cochlear Hair Cell Function
• 17. Physiology of Balance: Vestibular System and Reflexes
• 18. Innervation and Vascular Supply of the Ear
• 19. Embryological Development of the Ear
• 20. Key Otological Terms and Definitions
• 21. Anatomy of the External Nose and Nasal Cavity Structures
• 22. Physiology of Nasal Airflow and Filtration
• 23. Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses: Maxillary, Ethmoid, Frontal, Sphenoid
• 24. Physiology of Sinus Mucociliary Clearance and Function
• 25. Olfactory System: Anatomy of Smell and Taste Pathways
• 26. Innervation and Vascular Supply of the Nose and Sinuses
• 27. Lymphatic Drainage of the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses
• 28. Embryological Development of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
• 29. Key Rhinological Terms and Definitions
• 30. Nasal Cycle and its Physiological Significance
• 31. Anatomy of the Pharynx: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
• 32. Physiology of Swallowing (Deglutition) Phases
• 33. Anatomy of the Larynx: Cartilages, Muscles, Vocal Folds
• 34. Physiology of Phonation and Voice Production
• 35. Anatomy of the Trachea and Upper Esophagus
• 36. Anatomy of the Salivary Glands: Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual
• 37. Relevant Neck Anatomy: Muscles, Fascia, Compartments
• 38. Key Cranial Nerves in ENT: V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
• 39. Lymphatic Drainage of the Throat and Neck
• 40. Key Laryngopharyngeal Terms and Definitions
• 41. General ENT Examination: Head, Neck, Lymph Nodes
• 42. Otoscopy: Technique, Normal Findings, Common Pathology
• 43. Anterior Rhinoscopy and Nasal Endoscopy: Procedure and Findings
• 44. Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Examination Techniques
• 45. Flexible and Rigid Laryngoscopy: Visualizing the Larynx
• 46. Stroboscopy for Vocal Fold Vibration Assessment
• 47. Pure Tone Audiometry: Measuring Hearing Thresholds
• 48. Speech Audiometry: Speech Reception Threshold and Word Recognition
• 49. Tympanometry and Acoustic Reflex Testing
• 50. Vestibular Function Tests: VNG/ENG, Caloric Testing, Rotary Chair
• 51. Interpretation of CT Scans in ENT (Temporal Bone, Sinuses, Neck)
• 52. Interpretation of MRI Scans in ENT (Skull Base, Soft Tissues)
• 53. Biopsy Techniques in ENT: Incisional, Excisional, Fine Needle Aspiration
• 54. Microbiology and Culture in ENT: Specimen Collection and Interpretation
• 55. Allergy Testing in Rhinology: Skin Prick Test, IgE Levels
• 56. Otitis Externa: Types, Clinical Presentation, Management
• 57. Acute Otitis Media (AOM): Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment
• 58. Otitis Media with Effusion (OME): "Glue Ear" in Children
• 59. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): Perforations, Discharges
• 60. Cholesteatoma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Complications
• 61. Mastoiditis: Acute and Chronic Forms, Management
• 62. Otosclerosis: Hearing Loss Pattern, Surgical Options
• 63. Meniere's Disease: Vertigo, Tinnitus, Hearing Loss Triad
• 64. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): Diagnosis and Epley Maneuver
• 65. Tinnitus: Etiology, Assessment, and Management Strategies
• 66. Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL): Presbycusis, Noise-Induced
• 67. Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL): Causes and Differential Diagnosis
• 68. Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL): Emergency Management
• 69. Ototoxicity: Drug-Induced Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction
• 70. Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma): Diagnosis and Treatment Options
• 71. Allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis, Medical and Immunotherapy
• 72. Non-Allergic Rhinitis: Vasomotor, Gustatory, Rhinitis Medicamentosa
• 73. Acute Rhinosinusitis: Viral vs. Bacterial, Complications
• 74. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS): Inflammatory Pathways, Polypoid vs. Non-Polypoid
• 75. Nasal Polyps: Formation, Symptoms, Medical and Surgical Treatment
• 76. Deviated Nasal Septum: Impact on Airflow, Septoplasty Indications
• 77. Epistaxis (Nosebleed): Anterior vs. Posterior, Management Strategies
• 78. Anosmia and Hyposmia: Causes, Evaluation, and Impact
• 79. Nasal Foreign Bodies: Presentation and Removal Techniques
• 80. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
• 81. Acute Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Bacterial (Strep) vs. Viral
• 82. Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy): Diagnosis, Incision and Drainage
• 83. Laryngitis: Causes of Hoarseness, Acute and Chronic Forms
• 84. Vocal Cord Nodules, Polyps, and Cysts: Voice Disorders
• 85. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) and its ENT Manifestations
• 86. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment Options
• 87. Sialadenitis and Sialolithiasis: Salivary Gland Inflammation and Stones
• 88. Congenital Neck Masses: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst, Branchial Cleft Cyst
• 89. Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer: ENT Surgical Perspective
• 90. Lymphadenopathy in the Neck: Inflammatory vs. Malignant Causes
• 91. Myringotomy and Tympanostomy Tube Insertion
• 92. Tympanoplasty and Ossiculoplasty: Middle Ear Reconstruction
• 93. Stapedectomy for Otosclerosis
• 94. Cochlear Implantation: Surgical Procedure and Rehabilitation
• 95. Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction for Nasal Obstruction
• 96. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) Techniques
• 97. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Procedures
• 98. Tracheostomy: Indications, Techniques, and Post-Operative Care
• 99. Laryngectomy: Partial and Total, Voice Rehabilitation
• 100. Neck Dissection: Types and Principles in Head and Neck Cancer