{"id":309214,"date":"2025-12-04T05:25:04","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T06:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/supercourse-0000019047\/"},"modified":"2025-12-21T22:31:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T23:31:02","slug":"supercourse-0000019047","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/supercourse-0000019047\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\ud83c\udf93 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n

\ud83d\udcda \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647:<\/strong> \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f IBM PC \u0648 PC XT<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\ud83d\udccb \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 (100 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639)<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n 1.<\/span> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 IBM PC\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 2.<\/span> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 3.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 IBM PC\/XT: \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 4.<\/span> \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc IBM PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 5.<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 6.<\/span> \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 7.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 Intel 8088: \u0642\u0644\u0628 IBM PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 8.<\/span> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 8088 \u0648 8086\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 9.<\/span> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc CPU \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 10.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Bus) \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 11.<\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 ROM: BIOS \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 12.<\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 RAM: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 13.<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc RAM \u062f\u0631 PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 14.<\/span> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc 8088\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 15.<\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 16.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f (System Board): \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 17.<\/span> \u0686\u06cc\u067e\u200c\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 18.<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 (Expansion Slots) \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 19.<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc ISA \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 20.<\/span> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 (Interrupt Controller) 8259\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 21.<\/span> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 (DMA Controller) 8237\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 22.<\/span> \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\/\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0646\u06af (RTC) \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 23.<\/span> \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc (PC Speaker) \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 24.<\/span> \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DIP \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 25.<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 (Power Supply Unit): \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 26.<\/span> \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 27.<\/span> \u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f (Keyboard): \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 28.<\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 29.<\/span> \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 (Serial Port): RS-232 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 30.<\/span> \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc (Parallel Port): LPT \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 31.<\/span> \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc (Game Port) \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 32.<\/span> \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc CRT \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 33.<\/span> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter): \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 34.<\/span> \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 CGA (Color Graphics Adapter): \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 35.<\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 MDA \u0648 CGA\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 36.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0644 \u0648 \u0631\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 37.<\/span> \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 38.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648 (Floppy Disk Drive): \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 39.<\/span> \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627: 5.25 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686 \u0648 3.5 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 40.<\/span> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 (Floppy Disk Controller)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 41.<\/span> \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0633\u062e\u062a (Hard Disk Drive) \u062f\u0631 PC XT: \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 42.<\/span> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 43.<\/span> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 (HDD Controller): MFM\/RLL\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 44.<\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 45.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 46.<\/span> \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 47.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc MS-DOS: \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 48.<\/span> \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Boot Process)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 49.<\/span> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc DOS: IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, COMMAND.COM\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 50.<\/span> \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Command Line) \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 51.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 DIR: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 52.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 CD \u0648 MD: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 53.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 COPY \u0648 XCOPY: \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 54.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 DEL \u0648 UNDELETE: \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 55.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 REN \u0648 MOVE: \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 56.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 TYPE \u0648 MORE: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 57.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 58.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 FORMAT: \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 59.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 FDISK: \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 60.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 (Path) \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 61.<\/span> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc PATH: \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 62.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc (Batch Files) \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 63.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ECHO \u0648 PAUSE \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 64.<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc Wildcard (* \u0648 ?) \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a DOS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 65.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\/\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 (Redirection)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 66.<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Pipe (|) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 67.<\/span> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 CONFIG.SYS: \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 68.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a DEVICE \u0648 FILES \u062f\u0631 CONFIG.SYS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 69.<\/span> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 AUTOEXEC.BAT: \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 70.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 SET: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0631 AUTOEXEC.BAT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 71.<\/span> \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0627 DOS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 72.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 (Device Drivers)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 73.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 CHKDSK: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 74.<\/span> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 DISKCOPY \u0648 DISKCOMP: \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 75.<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 (BASIC \u062f\u0631 ROM)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 76.<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 GW-BASIC\/BASICA\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 77.<\/span> \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc EDLIN: \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 DOS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 78.<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 DEBUG: \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 79.<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c: WordStar, Lotus 1-2-3, dBASE\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 80.<\/span> \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 DOS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 81.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident)\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 82.<\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 83.<\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 IBM PC\/XT\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 84.<\/span> \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 85.<\/span> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 RAM: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 86.<\/span> \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 87.<\/span> \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 DOS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 88.<\/span> \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 BBS\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 89.<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc I\/O \u0648 IRQ \u0648 DMA: \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 90.<\/span> \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631: \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0642\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 91.<\/span> \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 92.<\/span> \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c DOS \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 93.<\/span> \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635\u06cc (Diagnostic Tools) \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 94.<\/span> \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647: \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 95.<\/span> \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Backup) \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 96.<\/span> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 97.<\/span> \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 98.<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 99.<\/span> \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\n <\/li>\n
  • \n 100.<\/span> \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 IBM PC \u0648 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc AT \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

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    \n \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/title><br \/>\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><\/p>\n<h1>\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061f \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\n \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f: <strong>IBM PC<\/strong>. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.\n <\/p>\n<p>\n \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 “\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631” \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc <strong>“IBM PC and PC XT User’s Reference Manual”<\/strong> \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.\n <\/p>\n<h2>\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\n \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 IBM PC \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc Intel 8088 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc (Real Mode) \u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 BIOS\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 MS-DOS \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 FAT \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 BASIC\u060c \u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0634\u06cc\u062f.\n <\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 8088 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\/\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (BIOS) \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc 640 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 (MFM\/RLL)<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 (Expansion Cards): \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 (CGA\/MDA) \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 DOS: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (Batch Files) \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 BASIC \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u06cc (Assembly)<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Interrupts) \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (Low-Level):<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 (Retro Computing):<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062c\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0634\u062a \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 “\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b” \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n<h3>\u06f1. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f2. \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc IBM PC\u060c \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 BIOS \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “Legacy” \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f\u061f \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f3. \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc IBM PC \u0648 PC XT \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f4. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 (Emulators) \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 (\u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644: \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc IBM PC (Anatomy of the IBM PC)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 IBM PC \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 XT<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 Intel 8088: \u0631\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc ISA\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u067e\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 RAM \u0648 ROM: \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 (Memory Map) \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 Power-Good<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0645: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 BIOS (Boot-up and BIOS)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f POST (Power-On Self-Test) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Software Interrupt Routines) \u062f\u0631 BIOS<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DIP \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 (Bootstrapping)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0645: \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\/\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc (Storage and I\/O)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc 5.25 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0686\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc MFM\/RLL \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 ST-506<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9 MDA \u0648 CGA \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 (Serial) \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc (Parallel): \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 CPU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645: \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 DOS (The DOS Operating System)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc MS-DOS: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS \u0648 COMMAND.COM<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 FAT12 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc: \u0627\u0632 COPY \u0648 DEL \u062a\u0627 FORMAT \u0648 FDISK<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc AUTOEXEC.BAT \u0648 CONFIG.SYS \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DOS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\/\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 (Programming and Software)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM Cassette BASIC \/ BASICA<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0644\u06cc 8088 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 DEBUG.EXE<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 DOS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 DNA \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/div>\n<div\r\n style=\"border: 2px dashed #4CAF50; border-radius: 16px; padding: 20px; background: #f9fff9; font-family: 'IRANSans', sans-serif;\">\r\n <h2 style=\"color: #2E7D32; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udcda \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc (\u067e\u06a9\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/h2>\r\n <div\r\n style=\"background: #E8F5E9; border-radius: 12px; padding: 15px 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #A5D6A7;\">\r\n <h3 style=\"color: #1B5E20; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udca1 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0654 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/h3>\r\n <p style=\"font-size:16px; line-height:1.8; color:#2E7D32; margin:0;\"> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9\r\n \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <h3 style=\"color: #2E7D32;\">\ud83c\udf81 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\t\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: '\u2705 '; padding-left: 20px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8;\">\r\n <li><strong>\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u2014 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u067e\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u2014 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 PDF \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u2014 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc (\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc) \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong> \u2014 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong> \u2014 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0686\u0627\u067e<\/li>\r\n\r\n <li>\r\n <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong><br>\r\n \u2014 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645.\r\n <\/li>\r\n\r\n <li>\r\n <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF (\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639)<\/strong><br>\r\n \u2014 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.\r\n <\/li>\r\n\r\n <li>\r\n <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF (\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634)<\/strong><br>\r\n \u2014 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc.\r\n <\/li>\r\n\r\n <li>\r\n <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \/ \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a (True \/ False) \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong><br>\r\n \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627.\r\n <\/li>\r\n\r\n <li>\r\n <strong>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 PDF<\/strong><br>\r\n \u2014 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.\r\n <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n <p style=\"color: #388E3C; font-weight: bold; font-size: 18px; margin-top: 20px;\"> \ud83c\udfaf \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0654 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\r\n \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc . <\/p>\r\n <hr style=\"border: none; border-top: 1px dashed #81C784; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n <h3 style=\"color: #2E7D32;\">\u2139\ufe0f \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f<\/h3>\r\n <ul style=\"list-style-type: '\ud83d\udd38 '; padding-left: 20px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.9;\">\r\n <li>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a <strong>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0654 \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <li>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647:<\/strong> \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0637\u06cc <strong>\u06f4\u06f8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a<\/strong> \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <li>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <li>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 <strong>09395106248<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <li>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627\r\n \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <p style=\"font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 15px;\"> \ud83d\udcac \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc:<br> \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u200c\u0627\u067e \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06a9:\r\n <strong>09395106248<\/strong><br> \u062a\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645: <strong>@ma_limbs<\/strong> <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061f \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":67493,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_cat":[251587,1221,251586],"product_tag":[219845,251588,87226,223958,251589,57723,63617,222608,57840,38750,220142,222609,17223,231219,51619],"class_list":{"0":"post-309214","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat------ibm-pc--pc-xt","7":"product_cat-1221","8":"product_cat-251586","9":"product_tag-ibm-pc","10":"product_tag-ibm-pc-xt-users-reference-manual","11":"product_tag-pc-hardware","12":"product_tag-pc-xt","13":"product_tag--pc-xt","14":"product_tag-57723","15":"product_tag-63617","16":"product_tag---ibm-pc","17":"product_tag-57840","18":"product_tag-38750","19":"product_tag-220142","20":"product_tag--ibm-pc","21":"product_tag-17223","23":"product_tag-51619","24":"pmpro-has-access","25":"desktop-align-left","26":"tablet-align-left","27":"mobile-align-left","29":"first","30":"instock","31":"shipping-taxable","32":"purchasable","33":"product-type-variable"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 - \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u067e\u0631\u0633<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/supercourse-0000019047\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 IBM PC \u0648 PC XT: 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