{"id":28940,"date":"2024-03-10T07:51:21","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T08:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T07:51:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T08:51:21","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%db%8c%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<table class=\"table table-striped table-hover\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc <\/td>\n<td>The first law of thermodynamics in hydrodynamic steady and unsteady flows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc <\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 <\/td>\n<td>Konrad Gi\u017cy\u0144ski, Karol Makuch, Jan Paczesny, Pawe\u0142 \u017buk, Anna Macio\u0142ek, Robert Ho\u0142yst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647: <\/td>\n<td>PDF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a  <\/td>\n<td>Statistical Mechanics,Fluid Dynamics,\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc , \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644 ,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a    <\/td>\n<td>Submitted 1 March, 2024; originally announced March 2024. , Comments: 17 pages, 9 figures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc    <\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 1 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2024 \u061b\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2024 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a: 17 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u060c 9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction:ltr;\">We studied planar compressible flows of ideal gas as models of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system. We demonstrate that internal energy $U(S^{*},V,N)$ of such systems in stationary and non-stationary states is the function of only three parameters of state, i.e. non-equilibrium entropy $S^{*}$, volume $V$ and number of particles $N$ in the system. Upon transition between different states, the system obeys the first thermodynamic law, i.e. $dU=T^{*}dS^{*}-p^{*}dV+\u03bc^{*}dN$, where $U=3\/2 NRT^{*}$ and $p^{*}V=NRT^{*}$. Placing a cylinder inside the channel, we find that U depends on the location of the cylinder $y_{c}$ only via the parameters of state, i.e. $U(S^{*}(y_{c}),V,N(y_{c}))$ at V=const. Moreover, when the flow around the cylinder becomes unstable, and velocity, pressure, and density start to oscillate as a function of time, t, U depends on t only via the parameters of state, i.e. $U(S^{*}(t),V,N(t))$ for V=const. These examples show that such a form of internal energy is robust and does not depend on the particular boundary conditions even in the unsteady flow.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc $ U (s^{*} \u060c v \u060c n) \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 $ s^{*}$ \u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 $ v $ \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a $ n $ \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc $ du = t^{*} ds^{*}-p^{*} dv+\u03bc^{*} dn $ \u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 $ u = 3\/2 nrt^{*} $ \u0648 $ p^{*} v = nrt^{*} $.\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 $ y_ {c} $ \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc $ u (s^{*} (y_ {c}) \u060c v \u060c n(y_ {c})) $ at v = const.\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c t \u060c u \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc $ u (s^{*} \u0628\u0647 t \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (s^{*} (t) \u060c v \u060c n (t)) $ \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc v = const.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-bordered table-primary\">\r\n<tr>\r\n\t<td>\r\n\t\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.\r\n\t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n\t\r\n<tr>\r\n\t<td>\r\n     \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u060c \u062a\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u067e \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:\r\n\t<br \/><br \/>\r\n\t09395106248\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\r\n\t<br \/><br \/>\r\n\t\t\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:\r\n\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 40 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \r\n\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\r\n\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 3 \u062a\u0627 5 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.\r\n\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\r\n\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\r\n\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t<\/td>\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc The first law of thermodynamics in hydrodynamic steady and unsteady flows \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":27,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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