{"id":26429,"date":"2024-02-25T18:35:40","date_gmt":"2024-02-25T19:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%87%da%a9%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d9%88%d8%aa\/"},"modified":"2024-02-25T18:35:41","modified_gmt":"2024-02-25T19:35:41","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%87%da%a9%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d9%88%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%87%da%a9%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d9%88%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9"},"content":{"rendered":"<table class=\"table table-striped table-hover\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc <\/td>\n<td>The mass profiles of dwarf galaxies from Dark Energy Survey lensing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc <\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 <\/td>\n<td>Joseph Thornton, Alexandra Amon, Risa H. Wechsler, Susmita Adhikari, Yao-Yuan Mao, Justin Myles, Marla Geha, Nitya Kallivayalil, Erik Tollerud, Benjamin Weiner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647: <\/td>\n<td>PDF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a  <\/td>\n<td>Astrophysics of Galaxies,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics,\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 , \u06a9\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc ,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a    <\/td>\n<td>Submitted 24 November, 2023; originally announced November 2023. , Comments: Measurements available at: https:\/\/github.com\/aamon\/Dwarf-Lensing ; 22 pages, 16 figures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc    <\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 24 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 \u061b\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631: https:\/\/github.com\/aamon\/dwarf-lensing \u061b22 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u060c 16 \u0634\u06a9\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p style=\"direction:ltr;\">We present a novel approach to extracting dwarf galaxies from photometric data to measure their average halo mass profile with weak lensing. We characterise their stellar mass and redshift distributions with a spectroscopic calibration sample. Using the ${\\sim}5000\\mathrm{deg}^2$ multi-band photometry from Dark Energy Survey and redshifts from the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) survey with an unsupervised machine learning method, we select a low-mass galaxy sample spanning redshifts $z{<}0.3$ and divide it into three mass bins. From low to high median mass, the bins contain [146 420, 330 146, 275 028] galaxies and have median stellar masses of $\\log_{10}(M_*\/M_{\\odot})= [8.52^{+0.57}_{-0.76}, 9.02^{+0.50}_ {-0.64}, 9.49^{+0.50}_{-0.58}]$. We measure the stacked excess surface mass density profiles, $\u0394\u03a3(R)$, of these galaxies using galaxy--galaxy lensing with a signal-to-noise of [14, 23, 28]. Through a simulation-based forward-modelling approach, we fit the measurements to constrain the stellar-to-halo mass relation and find the median halo mass of these samples to be $\\log_{10}(M_{\\rm halo}\/M_{\\odot})$ = [$10.67\\substack{+0.2\\\\-0.4}$, $11.01\\substack{+0.14 \\\\ -0.27}$,$11.40\\substack{+0.08\\\\-0.15}$]. The CDM profiles are consistent with NFW profiles over scales ${\\lesssim}0.15 \\rm{h}^{-1}$Mpc. We find that ${\\sim}20$ per cent of the dwarf galaxy sample are satellites. This is the first measurement of the halo profiles and masses of such a comprehensive, low-mass galaxy sample. The techniques presented here pave the way for extracting and analysing even lower-mass dwarf galaxies and for more finely splitting galaxies by their properties with future photometric and spectroscopic survey data.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0632 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 $ { sim} 5000  Mathrm {deg}^2 $ \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 redshift \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06af \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc (SAGA) \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 redshift $ z {<} 0.3 $ \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0633\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc [146 420 \u060c 330 146 \u060c 275 028] \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 $  log_ {10} (m _*\/m _ { odot}) = [8.52^{+0.577} _ {-0.76} \u060c 9.02^{+0.50} _ {-0.64} \u060c 9.49^{+0.50} _ {-0.58}] $.\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u060c $ \u03b4\u03c2 (r) $ \u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646-\u0644\u0646\u0632 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 [14 \u060c 23 \u060c 28] \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645.\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 $  log_ {10} (M _ { rm halo}\/m_ \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0645.{ odot}) $ = [10.67 $  substack {+0.2 \\-0.4} $ \u060c $ 11.01  substack {+0.14   -0.27} $ \u060c 11.40 $ substack {+0.08 \\-0.15}} $].\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc CDM \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc NFW \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 $ { lesssim} 0.15  rm {h}^{-1} $ mpc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 $ { sim} 20 $ \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.\n\n\n\n\n\n[sc name=\"paperTranslation2\"][\/sc]\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc The mass profiles of dwarf galaxies from Dark Energy Survey lensing \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 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