{"id":112327,"date":"2025-07-24T16:10:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T16:10:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%84%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%86%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2025-07-24T16:10:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T16:10:27","slug":"%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%84%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%86%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/express24.ir\/d\/product\/%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%84%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%86%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\r\n \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/strong>\r\n

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\n

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\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647: \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n
\n

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\u0686\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n
\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631:<\/span> \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (Scalability)\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (Reliability)\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a (Security)\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Maintainability) \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (Efficiency) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af.<\/li>\n
  • \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c:<\/span> \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Microservices)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (Event-Driven Architecture)\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 (Serverless) \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af:<\/span> \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (NoSQL)\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06af (Caching).<\/li>\n
  • \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/span> \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Load Balancing\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 (Message Queues) \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 (Asynchronous Processing).<\/li>\n
  • \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627:<\/span> \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Circuit Breaker\u060c Retry \u0648 Bulkhead \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n
  • \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/span> \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a (Authentication)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc (Authorization)\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
  • \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631:<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 (Distributed Tracing).<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 DevOps \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647:<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634 CI\/CD\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc (Docker \u0648 Kubernetes) \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f (Infrastructure as Code) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/span> \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/h2>\n
    \n

    \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc:<\/span> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631:<\/span> \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647:<\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af.<\/li>\n
    • \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a:<\/span> \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645:<\/span> \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633:<\/span> \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

      \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n
      \n

      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/span> \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Python, Java, C#, Go, JavaScript) \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n
      • \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (SQL) \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648\u0628:<\/span> \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 HTTP\u060c REST APIs \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
      • \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647:<\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n
      • \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/span> \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/h2>\n
        \n

        \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0635\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n \u06f1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n
            \n
          • \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/li>\n
          • \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af (\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc)<\/li>\n
          • \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n \u06f2. \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 SOLID\u060c DRY\u060c KISS<\/li>\n
            • Coupling \u0648 Cohesion: \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/li>\n
            • \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n \u06f3. \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \n
              • \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9<\/li>\n
              • \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (Event-Driven Architecture) \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n
              • \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 Serverless \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f AWS Lambda\u060c Azure Functions)<\/li>\n
              • Gateway API\u060c BFF (Backend For Frontend) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • \n \u06f4. \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/strong><\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 NoSQL (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis) \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n
                • \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc CAP Theorem<\/li>\n
                • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06af (Caching) \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (CDN, Redis, Memcached)<\/li>\n
                • \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 Data Sharding \u0648 Replication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n \u06f5. \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • Load Balancing \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n
                  • \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 (Asynchronous Processing) \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Kafka, RabbitMQ)<\/li>\n
                  • \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Query\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/li>\n
                  • \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u06af\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n \u06f6. \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646: Least Privilege\u060c Defense in Depth<\/li>\n
                    • \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc (JWT, OAuth2, OpenID Connect)<\/li>\n
                    • \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n
                    • \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c (OWASP Top 10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n \u06f7. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc Resilience: Circuit Breaker\u060c Retry\u060c Bulkhead<\/li>\n
                      • \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a (Design for Failure) \u0648 Disaster Recovery<\/li>\n
                      • \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Redundancy \u0648 Failover<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                      • \n \u06f8. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n
                          \n
                        • \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 (ELK Stack, Grafana Loki)<\/li>\n
                        • \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06af Metrics \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a Dashboard (Prometheus, Grafana)<\/li>\n
                        • Alerting \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a<\/li>\n
                        • Distributed Tracing (OpenTelemetry, Jaeger) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                        • \n \u06f9. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a (DevOps)<\/strong><\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \u0646\u0642\u0634 CI\/CD \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646<\/li>\n
                          • \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627 Docker \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 Kubernetes<\/li>\n
                          • \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062f (Infrastructure as Code) \u0628\u0627 Terraform \u06cc\u0627 CloudFormation<\/li>\n
                          • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (Blue\/Green, Canary Deployments)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \n \u06f1\u06f0. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Netflix, Amazon, Google)<\/li>\n
                            • \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/li>\n
                            • \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc (Case Study)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

                              \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/span> \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f Software Architecture & Technology of Large-Scale Systems \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":67493,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_cat":[1225],"product_tag":[42593,3901,122,37437,65068,24963,2231,4077,4074,333,4073,65069,11380,65065,6567,65066,4063,65067,2846,26647,4064,4071,1894,2841],"class_list":{"0":"post-112327","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-1225","7":"product_tag-architectural-patterns","8":"product_tag-cloud-architecture","9":"product_tag-distributed-systems","10":"product_tag-enterprise-architecture","11":"product_tag-high-performance-systems","12":"product_tag-large-scale-systems","13":"product_tag-microservices","14":"product_tag-scalability","15":"product_tag-software-architecture","16":"product_tag-software-engineering","17":"product_tag-system-design","18":"product_tag-system-technology","19":"product_tag-11380","20":"product_tag-65065","21":"product_tag-6567","22":"product_tag-65066","23":"product_tag-4063","24":"product_tag-65067","25":"product_tag-2846","26":"product_tag-26647","27":"product_tag-4064","28":"product_tag-4071","29":"product_tag-1894","30":"product_tag-2841","31":"pmpro-has-access","32":"desktop-align-left","33":"tablet-align-left","34":"mobile-align-left","36":"first","37":"instock","38":"shipping-taxable","39":"purchasable","40":"product-type-variable"},"yoast_head":"\n\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 - 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